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Continue to ChatIbn Khaldun and the role of asabiyyah http://ringmar.net/irhistorynew/index.php/welcome/introduction-3/1-1-the-arab-expansion/4-2-the-umayyads-and-the-abbasids/4-3-the-arabs-in-spain/4-4-a-caliphal-international-system/ibn-khaldun-and-the-role-of-asabiyyah/